Facilitating Trade and E-Commerce in the ESCWA Region
Online buying and selling operations are growing at an ever-increasing rate, giving way to unparalleled opportunities
her predecessor. Individuals, entrepreneurs, and governments around the world are using this technological revolution to conduct their transactions
commercially. E-commerce activity has, until today, existed mainly among OECD countries
In the economic field, especially in the United States of America. Programs are being developed in these countries
And new protocols, and the adoption of security and legal measures, all of which contribute to an increase in the volume of e-commerce.
The largest spread of online trading is observed in the United States, followed by the European Union. in this
Countries have expanded e-commerce to the point that it is expected to account for between 10 and 25 percent of trade
world by 2003, thus becoming a major component of cross-border trade flows (1). This indicates
The importance of e-commerce in managing commerce efficiently, and reducing transaction costs related to it in a way
tremendous at the same time.
However, e-commerce occupies the top of the pyramid in "web" applications in terms of its complexity and impact, and future implications (2). It is linked to a number of problems including the issue of Internet security, where
E-commerce continues to be subject to fraud, misconduct and theft; and application performance, which is
This is very important when using multiple communication catalogs and product offerings. The requirements must be met
Adequate e-commerce bandwidth to support commercial transactions from product offering to end
hand-it-over. The major companies that practice e-commerce do not face any problems in this regard, while they do not
Small and medium-sized businesses and consumers can afford the bandwidth they need
for commercial activities. Therefore, it is important to improve communication facilities to support such transactions. In addition, it must
Laws and regulations reflect this new technology by certifying signatures, certificates, and documents.
Policymakers are challenged by the rapid advancement of digital business transactions and communications. presence
The Internet and its widespread use have opened a new era of communication that requires a change of management, especially in terms of
related to trade. Developing countries cannot remain outside the direct global market provided by the Internet
They will be marginalized. Therefore, it is very important for these countries to do what they can to embrace the wave of change
Take advantage of this new opportunity.
E-commerce can provide opportunities for developing countries to increase their exports and achieve greater growth. and what
Since most of the trade in the future will be conducted electronically, these countries will have to redouble efforts to create
The ground is needed to facilitate this trading style. E-commerce can help small businesses
and medium to offer their products at low prices in new markets. At the same time, it can allow governments
By purchasing capital and other goods in a more efficient and economical way, and also helping to reduce bills
Import and increase export revenues. But that will only happen if individuals, governments, and the private sector cooperate to create
The right environment for e-commerce to flourish.
Most developing countries are showing interest in joining the global market, and they have taken steps to become part of the world market.
From the ongoing revolution in the field of communications and information. Some of them have started upgrading the telecommunications infrastructure.
and licensing of Internet service providers (ISPs). Internet commerce should follow, but on
In many economic sectors, it will be general politics
Bootstrap for efficient operations must be changed in order to
Governments and the private sector must cooperate in adapting to this new reality.
ESCWA member states have been taking steps to provide the required processing facilities for trade operations.
It has been connected to the Internet for several years, with the disparity in the network connections of individuals and although the number of Internet subscribers in the region is still relatively low, ren - they are practicing -
electronically.
country to another. So far,
It is expected that this activity will increase with the number of Internet subscribers.
commercial activities.
Most business deals in the ESCWA region are managed by individuals and businesses who like to import products the way they are.
Although the Internet also provides them with opportunities to sell products abroad. And based on it, and to narrow it down
The gap between imports and exports must be taken by governments and commercial companies in the private sector, as well as
Individuals, some measures--to win--a central role--in--global--electronic commerce--. Either--Banks--Institutions--
Finance should also accept payments for transactions related to direct commerce on the Internet.
This study will address the experience of electronic commerce in ESCWA member countries. So how much is - what?
Be--the private sector, governments--and NGOs--to effect-e-change--? And what steps have been taken to implement e-commerce in these countries? In addition to that, the study will examine the factors that need to be found.
To ensure the success of the e-commerce experience.
The first chapter of the study presents an overview of electronic commerce, including its definition and its development. mother-
The second chapter examines the importance of e-commerce to developing countries.
and its current status in the world.
The third chapter will explore at length the various elements required to get started with e-commerce, with a particular emphasis on what
It is taking place in ESCWA member countries. Each of the following four chapters deals with the status of electronic commerce in
Four--European Countries--Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and United Arab Emirates--United Arab Emirates. And finally, chapter VIII to
Conclusions and provides recommendations for member countries to consider in their pursuit of electronic commerce.
E-commerce: an overview
It is useful to keep in mind, for statistical purposes, that the definition of an e-commerce center
And it is - specific, because - it should be - immediately measurable. Either - in - public policy - as you know - commerce
electronic in the sense of due to the need - to - assessment - the impact of operations - associated with
A country (3) will be adopted for the purposes of this study, which aims to support sound policy formulation
E-commerce is a means of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet.
Because the goal of defining e-commerce is to define the framework required to help developing countries in their own countries
In order to implement successful strategies to engage them in the global electronic market, it is also useful to mention the three trends that lie at the core of the growth of e-commerce, i.e., business enterprises (from one company to another)
business (B-to-B); business-to-consumer (B-to-C) commerce; B2C B-to-C Commerce Business Enterprise Business Company to Government -
(from B to G). The first trend - that is, from - to - a company, - is expected to increase - in the country. - Dan's Development - Once - Beginning
Their practices are in e-commerce, as companies in those countries have the means to work electronically efficiently. And so - this - could - become - the second direction - that is - from the company - to the consumer, which - followed by - - finally - companies like -
"Amazon.com" and "eBay.com", are applied in developing countries. While dealing - from the company - to the consumer - locally
Perhaps in developing countries, selling to consumers abroad is still more difficult. In order for these countries to be able to
Create an export market from the company to the consumer, and trading companies must improve the quality of their products.
either direction
They can also target their fellow expatriates to sell their local products.
In order to develop its competitive advantages.
The third - that is - from the company - to - the government - is - more - effective - in - procurement general - when - direct participation
Governments of developing countries in e-commerce transactions.
However, these trends and descriptive definitions of e-commerce may not be enough. Work definition
It may be useful for developing countries to formulate their strategies and take measures to implement e-commerce. Louie- I
In fact, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has established two working definitions of e-commerce.
The first profile, called the "horizontal" profile, relates to the interests of the company. When companies decide to operate electronically,
It will have to confirm the supply chain of e-commerce through a succession of business functions, i.e.
Provides - this definition - companies -
Marketing - Sales / Contracts - Delivery and Billing / Payment - Invoicing (Form - MSDP).
With a practical checklist to identify obstacles and opportunities.
As for the definition --- the second ---, whose name is --- the definition --- "vertical ---", it takes into account the interests of governments.
And - this definition - provides - a quick checklist - of strategic choices that governments should make - to - q
The right environment for the growth of e-commerce. The vertical definition requires the presence of infrastructure (communication), messages -
(coordination and standardization of electronic messages), basic rules (WTO - WTO - and royalties - intellectual -), sectoral rules (banking, security, online music, film circulation, education-
(Health, Health, Applications) Design effective websites and implement appropriate corporate strategies.
The model is also the areas in which international organizations such as UNCTAD, the World Trade Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, and the World Intellectual Property Organization can contribute to helping governments - rules - and regulations -
And the standards required in these countries to participate in global e-commerce